WASHINGTON -- The U.S. will bolster its conventional deterrence against China, establishing a network of precision-strike missiles along the so-called first island chain as part of $27.4 billion. Why does it matter? On May 15, 1972, Okinawa reverted to Japanese control. The rest of Polynesia includes the Samoan islands (American Samoa and Samoa [formerly Western Samoa]); Cook Islands; French Polynesia (the Society Islands [Tahiti], Marquesas Islands, Austral Islands, and Tuamotu); Niue Island; Tokelau and Tuvalu; Tonga; Wallis and Futuna; Rotuma Island; Pitcairn Island; Nukuoro; and Kapingamarangi. For an optimal experience visit our site on another browser. Norfolk Island was uninhabited when discovered by Europeans, and later became politically integrated into Australia (and by extension, Australasia). The term has since been critiqued by scholars who argue that the term does not reflect the experience of Pacific Islanders who have and continue to experience a unique set of struggles relating to sovereignty and decolonization, and do not fit into the model minority stereotype which paints Asian Americans as successful, assimilated into American mainstream, and with good cultural values. Apr 24, 2020. Illustrations Pacific Islands By Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Original Thumbnail Medium Detailed Description Map shows the Pacific Ocean and locations of countries, islands, island nations, and atolls. While becoming an immigrant might be difficult, and while the immigrants life in a new country might be challenging, the journey itself between two countries is relatively safe. We do know that more American and Japanese servicemen (including Okinawan conscripts) were killed on Okinawa than any other Pacific island. Most Pacific insular possessions of Latin American nations are either unpopulated or used as military outposts, staffed by natives of the mainland. The U.S. Census Bureau must adhere to the 1997 Office of Management and Budget standards on race and ethnicity which guide the Census Bureau in classifying written responses to the race question. Invasion of Ie Shima. John Henry Barrow II of Royal Palm Retirement Centre in Port Charlotte, Fla. served aboard a destroyer and a sub chaser in the Pacific during World War II. TOKYO (AP) Okinawa on Sunday marks the 50th anniversary of its return to Japan on May 15, 1972, which ended 27 years of U.S. rule after one of the bloodiest battles of World War II was fought on the southern Japanese island. The chemical weapons were part of an operation called DOD Project 112 (Red Hat) in which Heathcote was involved. Were we Marines used as guinea pigs on Okinawa? he asked the same reporter. More recently, Mitchell documented severe water contamination in drinking wells around Yokota Air Base, the headquarters of US Forces Japan near Tokyo where American presidents and other senior US officials land when they visit Japan. These incidents have ranged from small fuel leaks of only several liters that stayed on the base to large spills discharging tens of thousands of liters of fuel and raw sewage into local rivers, he writes. In Hawaii there are other kinds of hapa people. On April 1, 1945Easter Sundaythe Navy's Fifth Fleet and more than 180,000 U.S. Army and Marine Corps. Mitchells work has encouraged us to reject the us versus them dichotomy and see commonality so we can help each other, Hideki Yoshikawa, an anthropologist and activist who directs the Okinawa Environmental Justice Project, told me. Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, or other Pacific Islands. Learn the secrets to healthy aging and Okinawan longevity. [46] It provides visas for workers from Kiribati, Tonga, Vanuatu, and Papua New Guinea to work in Australia. The Okinawa Islands are part of the larger Ryukyu Islands group and are located between the Amami Islands of Kagoshima Prefecture to the northeast and the Sakishima Islands of Okinawa Prefecture to the southwest. The American contingency included 1,321 ships and more than 183,000 troops. What does Desi mean? "[16] Debate exists over whether or not the Philippines should be categorized with Pacific Islands of shared Austronesian origin or with the mainland nations of Asia. (A 2016 investigation by ProPublica about him was titled Dr. During the Cold War and after, domestic politics on the island has repeatedly focused on the desire of Okinawa's residents to reduce or . Refers to a person who is of Polynesian descent. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. [2] The name means "rope in the open sea" because Okinawa is plopped in the middle of the oceans, with the Pacific to the . [34][35][36] In Island Realm: A Pacific Panorama (1974), Ian Todd states that, "New Zealand is uniquely gifted in its role as a Polynesian associate. Okinawa, ken (prefecture), Japan, in the Pacific Ocean. With Rear Admiral Lawrence F. Reifsnider, USN, commanding the attack group, the U.S. Army's 77th division landed on April 16, 1945. [1][3][4], The Okinawa Islands are the political, cultural and population center of Okinawa Prefecture. So documents are vital., For that reason, he has donated most of his FOIA material for permanent display at universities and study centers in Okinawa, Hawaii, and Washington, D.C. To criticize the military is one of the last remaining taboos of the American mass media, he says. According to the Census Bureau's Population Estimates Program (PEP), a "Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander" is, A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, or other Pacific islands. Naha, on the island, is the prefectural capital. You may unsubscribe or adjust your preferences at any time. [1] The prefectural capital of Naha is within the island group. There is no specific coding therefore for "Pacific islander". Washington D.C., October 16, 2018 - Recent news reports out of Okinawa underscore the extent to which the long-standing U.S. military presence on the island is a perennial source of political friction that complicates the U.S.-Japanese military alliance. Our ancestors were seafaring tribes who migrated to different archipelagos between the Indian and Pacific Oceans. The Japanese sustained about 100,000 dead. [31] Additionally, there have been pushes for Easter Island and Hawaii to join the Pacific Islands Forum, as they are primarily inhabited by Polynesian peoples. The invading force thought that the . [39] Hawaii is geographically isolated from Polynesia, and is situated in the North Pacific, unlike the rest of Polynesia, which is in the South Pacific. In July 2019, at the inaugural Indonesian Exposition held in Auckland, Indonesia launched its Pacific Elevation program, which would encompass a new era of elevated engagement with the region, with the country also using the event to lay claim that Indonesia is culturally and ethnically linked to the Pacific islands. Yellowface is the term used to describe non-Asian actors (typically white) putting on makeup, including prosthetics, to look like a stereotyped version of an Asian person. The event was attended by dignitaries from Australia, New Zealand and some Pacific island countries. If Wales were the 51st state, not everyone living in Wales would be Welsh. Reporters Without Borders investigated and confirmed Mitchells claims and found that other Okinawan journalists were affected. For substantive measures of success, including median individual income, wage returns to education and representation at the managerial level, Asians actually fare worse than whites. Orange: The Secret Nemesis of Sick Vets.), A 2013 report from Youngs independent consulting firm, USFJ said, verified the memories of US veterans regarding actual events of the period, which included the unloading of large 55 gallon drums from a ship and the spraying of pesticides in jungle operations in Okinawa. Okinawans first realized their island was contaminated with PFAS in 2016 when tests by local authorities detected high levels of the substances in rivers running through and near Kadena Air. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Two of the major ones are Polyfest, which showcases performances of the secondary school cultural groups in the region,[53] and Pasifika, a festival that celebrates Pacific island heritage through traditional food, music, dance, and entertainment. One explanation: Polynesians came to South America, and then took South Americans onto their boats to voyage back out to sea. [18] It includes people who indicate their race as 'Native Hawaiian', 'Guamanian or Chamorro', 'Samoan', and 'Other Pacific Islander' or provide other detailed Pacific Islander responses. tn_ptype: 'article', You can read our Privacy Policy here. if( magazine_text_384157 !='' ){ The 82-day-long battle lasted from early April . But, as Mitchell points out, the US military is building the Henoko base, the scene of daily demonstrations, upon a pristine coral reef. The Pentagon, he writes, began placing these weapons during the Korean War and incrementally added more over decades. The prefecture is composed of roughly the southwestern two-thirds of the Ryukyu Islands, that archipelago forming the division between the East China Sea to the northwest and the Philippine Sea to the southeast. Recent research, however, has been critical of such "acclaims" of Asian Americans as the model minority, contending that the socioeconomic success of Asian Americans has been exaggerated. tn_pos: 'rectangle_1', What does "hapa" mean and where did it come from? Okinawa, ken (prefecture), Japan, in the Pacific Ocean. [9][10] In a broad sense, they could still possibly be seen as encompassing a small Spanish-speaking segment of Oceania, along with the Easter Island inhabitants, who were eventually colonized by Chileans. U.S. intervention included providing the royal Lao government with financial aid and military advisers and recruitment of guerrilla forces comprised of Hmong, Lao and other ethnic groups. He notes that the terms are sometimes taken to include Australia, New Zealand and the non-oceanic Papua New Guinea, however he does not consider them to encompass the Japanese archipelago, the Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan, Russia's Kuril Islands and Sakhalin Island or countries associated with Maritime Southeast Asia. A refugee is forced to leave, endures an often dangerous and life-threatening journey without a guarantee of a destination, may be fated to spend long stretches of time in refugee camps, and is often unwanted in both the country of the refugee camps and the country of destination, which are sometimes the same but oftentimes not. "Pacific Island Labourer" includes all natives not of European extraction of any island except the islands of New Zealand situated in the Pacific Ocean beyond the Commonwealth [of Australia] as constituted at the commencement of this Act. Most Pacific Islands are densely populated, and habitation tends to be concentrated along the coasts. The problem is particularly acute at the US Marine Corps Air Station at Futenma, which the United States promised to close in 1996 after massive protests from Okinawan citizens. For Reprints and Permissions, click here. In 2000, officials from the Tokyo Metropolitan Government found no evidence the pollutants came from inside the base. But Mitchell argues that Japanese government reports carry little weight, because its officials are prohibited from entering US bases to carry out inspections. Biden Signals Flexibility on North Korea, but Peace Groups Are Wary In 2000, "Asian" and "Pacific Islander" became two separate racial categories.[55]. What is the Secret War in Laos? Okinawa, Japan's poorest prefecture, previously had the highest longevity indices in the country. This page was last edited on 2 March 2023, at 00:08. [56], According to the Office of Management and Budget, "Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander" refers to a person having origins in any of the original peoples of Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, or other Pacific Islands. Before Okinawa became a prefecture during the early part of the Meiji period (18681912), it was a semi-independent kingdom under the influence of both Japan and China. I think so.. The distinction is not trivial. Despite the groups perceived socioeconomic success, the typical Asian is also often viewed as an outsider or a perpetual foreigner. slotId: "thenation_article_indent", The leaks, multiple soldiers told Mitchell, were confirmed when rabbits placed at the storage site began to die from the poisonous air. The Pentagon, through US Forces Japan, denies most of Mitchells claims. The Chinese aircraft carrier Liaoning sails into Hong Kong in July 2017. Okinawa, located 350 miles from Japan's southernmost island, Kyushu, was the main island in the Ryuku chain. [32] Japan and Malay Archipelago countries such as East Timor, Indonesia and the Philippines are dialogue partners of the Pacific Islands Forum, with East Timor having observer status, but none are full members. var magazine_button_text_384157 = ''; [2], The umbrella terms Pacific Islands and Pacific Islanders may also take on several other meanings. An immigrant chooses to leave and chooses where he or she will go. The 1997 OMB standards permit the. The Philippines according to him are at a "cross-roads of the Pacific a racial and geographic link connecting Oceania, Southeast Asia and Indonesia. What is the difference between Hawaiian and Native Hawaiian? While the basic language of SOFA has not changed since its inception, it said both the US and Japanese governments agree that the agreement works well to serve the interests of the two countries. In the end, it concluded, the Commander of US Forces Japan is designated as the DoD Lead Environmental Component for Japan, and therefore will ensure US military operations are carried out in a responsible manner that will protect the environment now and for future generations., Statements like that, along with the lack of US press coverage, reflect the disdain on the part of the American elite towards Okinawa, Mitchell said. [1], Auckland, New Zealand has the world's largest concentration of urban Pacific Islanders living outside of their own countries, and is sometimes referred to as the "Polynesian capital of the world. 2003. This month, the Ryukyu Shinpo reported, a fleet of FA-18 combat jets held day and night trainings at the contested base. [54], By the 1980s, the United States Census Bureau grouped persons of Asian ancestry and created the category "Asian-Pacific Islander," which continued in the 1990s census. The US military presence on Okinawa is an environmental justice problem; thats what the American people must understand, Mitchell told me in clipped but angry tones. That said, I think there is also a risk that a word like "desi" might pose potentially homogenizing the diversity of South Asian cultures into a single, uneven identity that does not equally represent all the nations in this particular region. If the immigrant is "legal," then the immigrant at least has the hope of being welcomed at her or his destination, or at least accepted. Hundreds of thousands of service members, their families, and residents have been exposedbut the United States has hidden the damage and refused to help victims.. Blog Inizio Senza categoria are okinawans pacific islanders. The article caused a global furor and forced President Richard Nixon to renounce the first use of chemical and biological weapons. On April 1, after a full week of naval bombardments, US soldiers and . Australia's Indigenous population are loosely related to Melanesians and the United States Census categorize them under the Pacific Islander American umbrella. The island of Okinawa. The Okinawa Islands ( (Okinawa Shot) or (Okinawa Gunt)) are an island group in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan and are the principal island group of the prefecture. [6] In some common uses, the term refers to the islands of the Pacific Ocean once colonized by the Portuguese, Spaniards, Dutch, British, French, United States, and Japanese. } What is the legacy of the Secret War? The Battle of Okinawa, which began 75 years ago, was the last major battle of World War II and the bloodiest of the Pacific campaign. } } IE 11 is not supported. Native Hawaiians, in addition to all of the other ways that their sovereignty has been abrogated, lost for many years the right to their own language through oppressive English-language education. [2] The military bases of the United States in Okinawa Prefecture are located on the Okinawa Islands.[3]. Finally, 9.1 percent of Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders, in comparison to 6.3 percent of non-Hispanic whites, were uninsured. Several of the island groups have since developed financially crucial political alignments with the United States. Recognized as the bloodiest confrontation between the opposing American and Japanese forces, there has already been much written concerning the two main players in this fight[1]. tn_loc:'atf' An ethnic group. Bryan Kamaoli Kuwada. The Okinawan people deserve better, so Im committed to providing justice for them.. Author page. }); His book also describes years of high-decibel noise pollution from the American jets flying near residential areas in Okinawa. Easter Island is located in a remote part of the Pacific which is thousands of kilometers removed from both Polynesia and the South American continent. Corrections? [1] Access to the various Okinawa Islands is primarily via small airports which connect to Naha Airport. It was full of fabulous riches, but also savage heathens and backward civilizations. Updates? [57], This article is about the peoples of the Pacific Islands. Asian American Journalists Association, Guide to Covering Asian America. Battle of Okinawa: 1 April 1945 - 22 June 1945. "[29], The Pacific Islands Forum is the major governing organization for the Pacific Islands, and has been labelled as the "EU of the Pacific region". In April 1945 U.S. troops made an amphibious landing on Okinawa, which was heavily defended by the Japanese. Spanish is spoken by a resident population only on the Ecuadorian Galpagos Islands, the Chilean possessions of Rapa Nui (Easter Island), Juan Fernndez Islands and a few other tiny islands. Ron Aramaki, adjunct faculty at the University of Michigan Department of American Culture. Desmond Doss' actions on Hacksaw Ridge occurred during the Battle of Okinawa. In addition those places listed above, Melanesia includes the Louisiade Archipelago, the Admiralty Islands, Bougainville Island, Papua New Guinea, Western New Guinea (part of Indonesia), Maluku Island, Aru Islands, Kei Islands, the Santa Cruz Islands (part of the Solomon Islands), Loyalty Islands (part of New Caledonia) and various smaller islands. [37], The majority of island groups are most closely aligned to New Zealand/Australia, with others being politically aligned to France or the United States. In order to comment, you must be logged in as a paid subscriber. Dawn Lee Tu, professional development and diversity and inclusion strategist at De Anza College. [8] In an often geopolitical context, the term has been extended even further to include the large South Pacific landmass of Australia. They are still a part of the subregion for ethnocultural reasons. But with the islands humid climate and salty air, the containers began to rust and leak. A growing number of islanders say it should be just . I really hope my book helps people understand how badly the island has been contaminated, especially because so many American veterans are sick. Through his research, he has documented claims from more than 250 veterans that Agent Orange was stored on Okinawa during the 1960s and 70s. Copyright (c) 2023 The Nation Company LLC, By signing up, you confirm that you are over the age of 16 and, agree to receive occasional promotional offers for programs that support. The Battle of Okinawa is widely regarded as the single most significant conflict taking place in the Pacific Theatre during World War II. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). var magazine_button_bg_color_384157 = ''; slotId: "thenation_right_rail_384157", He additionally includes the Galpagos Islands in his definition of the South Pacific, but does not include any other islands located within the southeastern Pacific area, aside from Easter Island which is considered part of Polynesia. In 1961, according to declassified US Army reports, the Joint Chiefs of Staff authorized US commanders to expand the arsenal to include 13,000 VX land mines and almost 60,000 shells of sarin agent. T ruthout. [23], Ian Todd's 1974 book Island Realm: A Pacific Panorama considers Oceania and the term "Pacific Islands" to also encompass the non-tropical Aleutian Islands,[24] as well as Clipperton Island, the Coral Sea Islands, the Desventuradas Islands, Guadalupe Island, the Juan Fernndez Islands, the Revillagigedo Islands, Salas y Gmez Island and the Torres Strait Islands. Pacific Islanders, Pasifika, Pasefika, Pacificans or rarely Pacificers are the peoples of the Pacific Islands. MORE FROM Tim Shorrock Asian Americans have long been portrayed as the model minority since William Petersens 1966 New York Times Magazine article, "Success Story: Japanese American Style," and a myriad of subsequent studies of Asian socioeconomic attainment that crystallize this image. The islands were under the influence of colonial powers such as Germany, Spain and Japan from the 16th century up until the end of World War II. [13][14] All of these islands (excluding Clipperton) were annexed by Latin American nations a few hundred years after their discoveries, and initially were sometimes used as prisons for convicts. The Battle of Okinawa, code named Operation Iceberg, was a series of battles fought in the Japanese Ryukyu Islands, centered on the island of Okinawa. We asked academics and experts to answer those questions and more. [47] Aside from Papua New Guinea, the scheme includes one country each from Melanesia (Vanuatu), Polynesia (Tonga), and Micronesia (Kiribati)countries that already send workers to New Zealand under its seasonal labour scheme. And there are many wrongs. This phrase means part European American, with the implication being that the person is also part Native Hawaiian. US militarism in the Pacific Although Japan surrendered on Aug. 14, 1945, the Japanese on Okinawa did not officially surrender until Sept. 2, 1945. The Battle of Okinawa, codenamed Operation Iceberg, was fought on the Ryukyu Islands of Okinawa and was the largest amphibious assault in the Pacific War of World War Two. Seventeen thousand people formed a human chain around Futenma. New Caledonia (and Vanuatu to a lesser extent) were under French colonial influence from the 19th century onward. Channapha Khamvongsa, executive director of Legacies of War. The thriving little republic of Nauru was administered by Australia before its recent independence. In so doing, it is a. On Okinawa alone, during 82 days of fighting, approximately 100,000 Japanese troops and 12,510 Americans were killed, and somewhere between 42,000 and 150,000 Okinawan civilians died as well. } The word "internment camp" was coined later, by the War Relocation Authority, as a euphemism. 3 Luglio 2022; how to spot a collapsed narcissist; john creasy wikipedia . Defining Diaspora is a series of workshops and programs that allows participants to increase understanding of and connection to the diaspora that makes up Asian, Pacific Islander, and Desi communities. Australian classification standards code Pacific islanders, Oceanians, South Sea islanders, and Australasians all with code 1000, i.e., identically. All told, Okinawa was the bloodiest operation of the Pacific War. Dr. Viet Thanh Nguyen, professor of English and American studies and ethnicity at the University of Southern California, author of the Pulitzer Prize-winning The Sympathizer and The Displaced: Refugee Writers on Refugee Lives. To have this symbolic word used by Asians, particularly by Japanese Americans, as though it is their own, seems to symbolically mirror the way Native Hawaiian land was first taken by European Americans, and is now owned by European Americans, Japanese and Japanese Americans and other Asian American ethnic groups that numerically and economically dominate Native Hawaiians in their own land. "[2] This came as result of a steady stream of immigration from Polynesian countries such as Samoa, Tonga, the Cook Islands, Niue, and French Polynesia in the 20th and 21st centuries. Pacific Islanders are the natives of the many Pacific islands, the main ones being New Zealand, the island group of Micronesia, Melanesia, Polynesia and Hawaii. Although the prefecture consists of less than 1 percent of. He took part in some of the major battlesSaipan, Iwo Jima and Okinawa to name three. Rohin Guha, executive editor of The Aerogram. Remembering Executive Order 9066, the 'single act' that began WWII incarceration, Pulitzer Winner Viet Thanh Nguyen on the U.S., Vietnam, and why history can't be erased, The Displaced: Refugee Writers on Refugee Lives. She teaches Asian Pacific American Studies and writing and she speaks nationally on Asian Pacific American issues. In July 1969, Americans at the Chibana depot were ordered to sandblast a large sarin bomb to prepare for its repainting when it sprung a leak; 23 service members and one civilian were hospitalized after they started to get short of breath. [7] In other uses, it may refer to areas with Austronesian linguistic heritage like Taiwan, Indonesia, Micronesia, Polynesia and the Myanmar islands, which found their genesis in the Neolithic cultures of the island of Taiwan. [55], Eight out of 10 Pacific Islanders in the United States are native to the United States. In 1972 the United States returned Okinawa Island to Japan, although the extensive U.S. military installations there remained operative. It is a geographic and often ethnic/racial term to describe the inhabitants of any of the three major sub-regions of Oceania: Micronesia, Melanesia and Polynesia. 2010 Center for Okinawan Studies University of Hawai'i at Manoa 1890 East West Road, Moore #316 Honolulu, HI 96822. Their environment has been decimated by the American military, he said. magazine_button_text_384157 = ''; Historical Amnesia About Slavery Is a Tool of White Supremacy. tn_articleid: [384157], August 30, 2007. [2], The Okinawa Islands, apart from the main island, contain three smaller island groups: the Kerama, Yokatsu and Iheya-Izena island groups. 1 Japanese people in substantial numbers along with smaller contingents of Okinawans, Koreans, and South . Area prefecture, 877 square miles (2,271 square km). The Secret War refers to the U.S. governments involvement in the Second Indochina War during the 1960s and the 1970s, where, without a declaration of war by Congress, the Central Intelligence Agency led clandestine military operations in Laos. are okinawans pacific islanders. Uncover how food and healthy lifestyle leads to high life expectancy on Okinawa island, Japan, This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/place/Okinawa-prefecture-Japan, Official Site of Okinawa perfecture, Japan, Official Site of Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, Okinawa - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). It included the largest amphibious assault in the Pacific War during World War II, the April 1, 1945 invasion of Okinawa itself. Reel Inequality: Hollywood Actors and Racism, Hawaiian language finds new prominence in Hawaii's courts decades after near disappearance, 1966 New York Times Magazine article, "Success Story: Japanese American Style,", Asian Americans now most economically divided group in U.S., report finds, The Marginalized Model Minority: An Empirical Examination of the Racial Triangulation of Asian Americans. Biden Has Gotten a Lot Done. This ceremony highlighted the traditions of many Asian and . They diagnosed me with bronchitis and sinusitis connected to chemical exposure, Heathcote said. Rarely has colorblind casting resulted in actors of color playing white characters. They had no idea the US had 300,000 chemical weapons stored in Okinawa. But the US government was mostly concerned with the bad publicity. It was destined to be conquered and ruled by the more advanced and superior European powers. [39] Nauru's main political partner since World War I has been Australia, excluding a brief period of Japanese occupation in World War II. The model minority image also obscures the racial subordination of Asian Americans. magazine_button_bg_color_384157 = '#dd3333'; The island is currently administered by Australia, and Its residents are primarily European Australians who originated from the mainland, with a small number also being Asian Australians. [30] Up until 2021, its member nations and associate members were American Samoa, Australia, Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu and Wallis and Futuna. jQuery("#magazine_text_384157").html(magazine_text_384157); Unlike a term like Californian, Hawaiian should not be used for everyone living in Hawaii.

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