The founder of this makeup brand, Fiona, after appearing in the shark tank, gave a great presentation to the sharks. The boards come with in-wheel motors, integrated LED lights and regenerative braking technology. Youthforia is a skincare sustainable makeup company. What Happened to Captain Ice Cream after theShark Tank Pitch? Inboard Technology is comprised of three entrepreneurs from Santa Cruz, California: Ryan Evans, Dave Evans, and Chris Harley. Even though the halo doesnt offer outstanding performance, it does offer a decent combination of range and speed. It is propelled by a hub motor and battery positioned beneath the board, which can go around 18 kilometers on a single charge. Inboard Technology is the 'world's first electric skateboard with motors inside the wheels.' The board boasts a top speed of 24 mph. The trio countered with 3% equity and eventually meet in the middle at 4% with a 9% interest rate on the $750,000 loan. The three entrepreneurs behind Inboard Technology, Ryan Evans, Dave Evans and Chris Harley of Santa Cruz, California, pitched the business on Shark Tank in December 2016. Getting around urban areas is difficult at the best of times, as its jam-packed in crowded public transportation, grid-locked when youre in a car, and when you think youve beaten the system by riding a bicycle to work, you show up to work a hot and sweaty mess. It has a top speed of 24 mph and a range of up to 10 miles before the battery has to be recharged (it takes about 90 minutes to charge). Because of this special thing, the Youthforia skincare brand is known. Its cheaper than auto insurance, too! By signing a deal with a European manufacturer, the organization aimed to diversify into electric scooters. Inboard Technology decided to sell off its intellectual property and assets in November 2019, after a pivot into the electric scooter market failed. Ryan Evans, David Evans, and Chris Harley accepted Lori Greiner and Kevin OLearys offer of a $750,000 loan at 9% interest + 4% equity on Shark Tank Season 8 Episode 10. Chris, on the other hand, saw potential in the company. He pitched the investor panel on his video doorbell system. The Inboard M1 electric skateboard is a fine example of how far the company has come over the past couple of years. It pays homage to the humble skateboard, but it tends to ride faster and a lot smoother than that. It was a Series A funding and was led by a Los Angeles-based venture capital firm, Upfront Ventures. What happened to inboard What Happens After Shark Tank? To diversify their business, the company tried to partner with a European firm to produce electric scooters. What Happened to Lord von Schmitt After Shark Tank? They came in asking for $750,000 for 4% of their company, Inboard Technology. Guest shark Chris Sacca was one of the first to praise Inboard Technologys product, saying he saw electric scooters and skateboards as a potential transportation alternative. Fiona came up with the idea of this business because she used to sleep without taking off her make-up and secondly, she used to have problems with make-up on late nights party. Swagtron Swagskate NG-3 Electric Skateboard for Kids, Teens | Kick-Assist A.I. The brainchild of Ryan Evans, Dave Evans, and Chris Haley, all of whom come from Santa Cruz, California, the founders of Inboard Technology came on Shark Tank to see an investment of $750,000 in exchange for 4% stake in their company, which had an $18.750-million-dollar evaluation. Whereas Chris saw potential in Inboard Technology, Mark Cuban found it difficult to scale despite the business already having $5.6 million in pre-orders. They obtained substantial financial backing from a highly successful Kickstarter campaign that raised $421,935 for custom molds and equipment. Ryan, Dave, and Chris enteredthe business seeking $750,000 for a 4% ownership, implying a valuation of $18.75 million. What Happened To Surf Band Pro After Shark Tank? $50,000 in two days - that's the revenue bump Morrisville entrepreneur Dinesh Tadepalli saw after his startup, IncrEDIBLE Eats, made its "Shark Tank" debut Friday. Copyright 2023 Shark Tank Talks - All Rights Reserved. However, Evans stated that despite meeting those targets, the investors finally opted to force Inboard into liquidation. Desai . However, when the planned sale fell through, creditors dissolved the corporation in 2019. Weighing the benefits and drawbacks is difficult since those who value inboard motors do so for a number of fundamental reasons. KaZam is a company that makes balance bicycles to, Read More What Happened to KaZam after Shark Tank Pitch?Continue, What Happened to Captain Ice Cream after theShark Tank Pitch? Ryan, Dave, and Chris enter the firm wanting $750,000 for a 4% stake, suggesting an $18.75 million valuation. Yes, Youth Foria is still in business as of March 2023. Kevin offers a three-year loan of $750,000 at an interest rate of 8% plus a 2.5 percent equity participation. Inboard has won $8 million in a new round of venture capital funding led by Los Angeles-based Upfront Ventures one year after appearing on Shark Tank. After the show, the company started to expand . They accepted an offer from Lori and Kevin of $750,000 Loan At 8% Interest + 4% Equity. The company changed its name to HVMN (pronounced "human") in mid-2017 and now markets itself simply as Nootrobox. Ultimately, Lori and Kevin offered separate deals, with Kevin providing a $750,000 loan at 8% interest with a 2.5% equity participation, and Lori offering a $750,000 loan at 8% interest in exchange for 3% equity. This resulted in the firm investing $8 million in the scooters development. By the time they were back, the two sharks had decided to team up. The small dual motors are concealed beneath the back wheels, connected to the wheels by free-spinning bearings. The M1 skateboard has a sleek design, providing users with the familiar look and feel of a traditional skateboard. The scooter deal occurred after Inboard Technology had already received another $8 million in funding in 2017, but Evans told the outlet that investors assured him they'd continue to fund the company on its rocky route to profitability, provided it continued to meet certain financial goals. After the launch of this company, one of its products Youthforias BYO Blush became very viral on the social media platform Tiktok. They started by making adorable, Whether at a house party or a Barbeque night with the closed ones, you will notice the Red. Inboard Technologys 24 employees were laid off amid their negotiations and its website and customer service were shut down which ultimately led to its closure. Followers of this brand on Tiktok is +120.1k and total likes are +3.5 million as of March 2023. She gave a demo to Shark about her makeup products and also gave some products to test. After learning this, Lori made the decision to compete with Mr. The Painted Pretzel sells unique, quality, Read More What Happened to Painted Pretzel After the Shark Tank Pitch?Continue, What Happened to Slumberkins After the Sharks Tank Pitch? The board isnt designed to blast up hills at speed, or bend like boosted board or go over loose terrain. Inboard Technology was founded by Ryan Evans, Dave Evans, and Chris Harley, all of whom are entrepreneurs from Santa Cruz, California. Kevin, as well as Robert, enthusiastically volunteer. The Verge has learned that Inboard Technology, a Santa Cruz, California-based electric skateboard company, is cooperating with a liquidation firm to liquidate its intellectual property and assets. In 2019, Inboard Technology was liquidated by creditors due to the deals failure. Evans then went on to work at a kiteboard retail company. 8 in) polyurethane wheels along with the Polypropylene deck have the flexibility to handle pavement like a Pro, absorbing the shocks from bumpier pavement. Treasure Chest Pets Shark Tank Net Worth 2023/What Happened To Treasure Chest Pets after the Shark Tank Pitch? The attention Doorman received after the shark tank episode aired, propelled Doorman's business to new heights. Electric bikes and scooters were viewed as the future of urban transportation, and everyone wanted to get in on that action. World-class support every Swagtron electric skateboard is backed by our expert team of support specialists, fully staffed in the U. S. And available by phone, email or live chat. Weighing the advantages and disadvantages is challenging since individuals who appreciate inboard motors do so for a variety of important reasons. On "Shark Tank," the children of Cup Board Pro inventor Keith Young won over the Sharks and struck a deal with each one of them. He founded ByteDance in 2012 and developed the news aggregator Toutiao and the video sharing platform TikTok, formerly known as Musical.ly. A board from Inboard Technology will cost you $1399.00. SharkTankSuccess.com is in no way affiliated or endorsed by ABC, Sony, the producers or any other company associated with the television show, Shark Tank. Some of the beverages are straight maple or birch flavor, while other have been gently flavored with complementary tastes such as cranberry, tangerine, ginger, and strawberry. She had uploaded the video of BYO BLUSH on Tiktok and achieved 40-50 million views within 1 year after that video went viral. What Happened to Painted Pretzel After the Shark Tank Pitch? The cosmetic brand is headquartered in San Francisco, California, United States and employs 2-10 people, according to its LinkedIn profile. Scale - Royalty-free vector illustrations. What wheels does the Inboard M1 come with? Not only that, but they also. When the Shark Tank segment wrapped, Larq received $1 million for just a 4% stake in his company, from sharks Lori Greiner and Kevin O'Leary. Fiona appeared on Shark Tank Season 14 Episode 15 and asked the sharks for $400,000 for 5% equity at $8 Million Valuation. A post shared by YOUTHFORIA | Skincare Makeup (@youthforia). Treasure Chest Pets Shark Tank Net Worth 2023/What Happened To Treasure Chest Pets after the Shark Tank Pitch? The three individuals then came to the conclusion that it would be best to leave the arena for a few moments in order to debate the offers. The board also comes with a handle in the back, which makes it more convenient to pick up and hold. What Happened to Inboard at the Shark Tank Pitch? The three individuals retorted with an equity contribution of 3% and eventually settled on a compromise of 4% equity alongside a 9% interest rate on the $750,000 loan. What Happened To Ghia Non Alcoholic Drinks After Shark Tank? [Related:27 FavoriteShark TankProducts New List], Hot Tot: What Happened To Kids Haircare After Mark Cuban Shark Tank Deal, 2012-2023, 2paragraphs Productions, LLC. Though the Silicon Valley-based Sacca agreed and insisted, prior to opting out, that grown adults were now using skateboards as a practical means of commuting, Canadian businessman Herjavec was, understandably, skeptical. What Happened to Inboard at the Shark Tank Pitch? As a result, the company invested $8 million in the development of the scooters. Lori Greiner also got out of this business. Boosted Inc., ZBoard, Hoverboard Technologies, Hendo Hover, E-GO, Razor, Skque Products, Scoot Rides Inc., and iWatMotion are the companys primary competitors. It was founded in 2015 by Michael Marks, former CEO of Flextronics and former Tesla interim CEO, along with Fritz Wolff, the executive chairman of The Wolff Co. Doorman was a tech company that specialized in logistic services of goods for urban areas. In early 2015, Evan and Cerbonechi successfully raised around $400,000 USD in preorders from their Kickstarter campaign. When the sale fell through, creditors decided to liquidate the firm in 2019. GAG Team What's your reaction? After their appearance on the show, they saw a huge increase in sales and media attention. Kevin and Robert expressed interest and Kevin even took the board for a spin down the hallway. Due to this habit, irritation like issue started coming on her skin. The founders initially requested a 4% stake, but Kevin and Lori would not go above 3% equity, even when presented with the option of a higher interest rate. I've always been fascinated by these areas and love exploring the latest trends and developments.In addition to my professional interests, I love to cook, experiment with new recipes, and share my culinary creations with friends and family. The M1 can ride in headlights but it is best to use a bike light especially on at night. There are dozens of other electric skateboards that are doing the rounds right now, but what truly sets apart the M1 Skateboard is that it has motors inside the wheels. In November 2019, Inboard Technology shut down operations. The board is operated through a wireless remote control or a companion smartphone app. Following Kevins offer, Robert Herjavec went out after saying that he didnt believe in the products mass transportation play. The Inboard M1 is capable of a range of up to ten kilometres before requiring recharging. Still, they undoubtedly contributed to the M1s success. Taylor Robinson Music Shark Tank Net Worth 2023/What Happened To Taylor Robinson Music After Shark Tank? By using our Services, you agree to our use of cookies. It was founded by Ryan Evans, David Evans, and Chris Harley. Even the skateboard's PowerShift Battery, once available on Amazon, is now listed as "currently unavailable" and here's why. At 9% interest + 4% equity. According to Chris Sacca, the category is tremendously saturated and competitive, and the market is contracting. They are substantially more expensive, and their size makes them more difficult to load onto a trailer, but they are also the most fuel-efficient alternative, as they are modelled after vehicle engines. The Bear and The Rat Shark Tank Net Worth 2023/What Happened to The Bear and The Rat after the Shark Tank? They told Shark how clothing impacts landfills and introduced their recycling business as a solution. As a writer and blogger, I cover many topics, including business, technology, marketing, and finance. The board's acceleration and braking are controlled with a bluetooth remote, which is ergonomically designed to stay in your hand whether your palm is open or not, so you don't need to worry about dropping it. With the launch of the Larq Pitcher, its second. What Happened To Eat Your Flowers by Loria After Shark Tank? Shark Tank Appearance When he went on Shark Tank, Lynton wanted $475,000 for 50% stake of his Sharknado project. What Happened to SynDaver after Shark Tank? They had received pre-orders totaling $5.6 million. It comes with a set of 60mm skateboard wheels, though they can upgrade to 78mm touring wheels. Together they cofounded Inboard Technology with Evans serving as CEO and Cerbonechi serving as CTO. Things were looking up for Inboard Technology. Smart Sensors | Mini E-Cruiser Skateboard w/Move-More/Endless Mode | 9 Deck 72mm Wheels (NG-3), Shark Tank Products (Complete List of All 1223 Pitches). They went in seeking $750,000 in exchange for four percent equity. Inboard Technology is the worlds first electric skateboard with motors inside the wheels. The board boasts a top speed of 24 mph. Wonderful," aka Kevin O'Leary, andQVC's Lori Greiner teamed up to share the bait. They ultimately come to terms. Robert Herjavec insisted on calling it what it was: a cheating app. Ryan, Dave, and Chris appeared on Shark Tank requesting an investment of $750,000 for a 4% stake in Inboard Technology. Along with studying BA, Economics from Dartmouth College, she also learned many programming languages. "Inboard Technology" got featured on Shark Tank USA in January 2017. 50% of the sales of this business come from direct consumer, 15% from Amazon and 35% from wholesale. Inboard Technologies have the perfect solution for urban transportation, and that comes in the form of their M1 Skateboard. It seems that the company has since closed down. Amazon and its logo are trademarks of Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. Out. Yes, Diaper Dust did get a deal in the Shark Tank. Its the bag men carry in their pockets. NonGamstopCasinos.net The best selling product of this brand is BYO BLUSH, Avocado oil, Sunflower oil and Skin Chi Complex have been used to make this product. Inboard Technology was founded and proposed to Shark Tank in December 2016 by three Santa Cruz entrepreneurs, Ryan Evans, Dave Evans, and Chris Harley. Although some Sharks thought the product was too niche, Chris Sacca believed it was a viable mode of transportation. As a result, the company invested $8 million in the creation of the scooters. Despite this, theres no indication that it was caused by the sharks involvement since their deal never successfully closed. has analysed their beverages and the ingredients are natural, full of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. How long does it take to charge the Inboard M1? It functions similarly to a standard skateboard but has a top speed of 24 mph and a range of up to 10 miles before requiring a 90-minute recharge. Despite the fact that Inboard Technology already had pre-orders for $5.6 million, Mark Cuban believed the company would be tough to scale. Lori and Kevins transaction never came to fruition. Fiona told about the sales and performance of her company and also said how big the beauty industry is. There are many electric skateboards that are on the market today. The 37 long board is used just like a regular skateboard and can hold a rider who weighs up to 250 lbs. Cookies help us deliver our Services. Ryan, Dave, and Chris approached Shark Tank with an offer of $750,000 for a 4% ownership, implying a $18.75 million valuation. It has a peak speed of 24 miles per hour and a range of up to ten miles before requiring recharging (it takes about 90 minutes to charge). It is estimated that the compound annual growth rate can be 2.60% till 2023-27. Pizza Cupcake Shark Tank Net Worth 2023. Ryan, Dave, and Chris approached Shark Tank with an offer of $750,000 for a 4% ownership, implying a $18.75 million valuation. What happened to Cup Board Pro after Shark Tank? Lori and Kevins deal never reached completion. Shark Tank Talks is not affiliated with or endorsed by any other company associated with ABC, Sony, the producers, and the television show Shark Tank. Almost a year later, in November 2017, the company announced it had raised $8 million in a funding round. After the Shark Tank episode aired in December 2016, Inboard skateboards became incredibly popular. (They had $5.6 million in pre-orders.) Whatever Happened To Inboard Technology After Shark Tank? Just like that, on the pretense of a promise, a company risked it all and unfortunately, lost it all. Kavin Bharti Mittal is an Indian internet entrepreneur. What Happened to KaZam after Shark Tank Pitch? This unique design eliminates the need for gears or belts, resulting in a more energy-efficient ride. All their skin products are for all skin types. Following a successful Kickstarter campaign, Ryan, David, and Chris decided to try their luck in the Shark Tank. Shark Tank season 14 is set to return to screens after taking a short break from airing last week. According to a 2023 report, the estimated value of the Beauty & Personal Care industry in the United States is $91.41 billion. : "You need capital". GO Cubes contain 50mg of caffeine and are chewable coffee gummies. Parking isnt going to be a problem with the M1 Skateboard, and Inboard Technology is truly looking to revolutionize public transportation for the better. Ultimately, it seems Inboard Technology was, like so many entrepreneurial endeavors, a victim of an over-abundance of ambition, ideas, and bravery, and an under-abundance of the demand, outside trust, and resources necessary to turn those assets into dollars. Almost a year later, in November 2017, the company announced it had raised $8 million in a funding round. The valuation of Inboard Technology was $18.75 million when it appeared on Shark Tank. Inboard Technology got featured on Shark Tank USA in January 2017. Despite fulfilling those benchmarks, Evans asserted that the investors ultimately chose to drive Inboard into liquidation. To open his pitch, an assistant gave the sharks umbrellas and plastic sharks were blown and thrown their way. Consequently, the board experiences no resistance, allowing for smooth coasting, similar to a standard skateboard wheel. Guest shark Chris Sacca was one of the first to praise Inboard Technology's product, saying he saw electric scooters and skateboards as a potential transportation alternative. Motorized or not, using a skateboard to maneuver through cities that have any semblance of winter (never mind those with full-blown snow and ice seasons) is, logistically speaking, absurd. They are significantly more expensive, and their size makes loading them onto a trailer more difficult, but they are also the most fuel-efficient option, as they are designed after automobile engines. Shark Tank investor Kevin O'Leary accused Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D-N.Y.) of being "great at killing jobs" on Friday and making the city "uninvestable." "She's great at . However, this level of market saturation may have little to do with the courted shark, Mark Cuban. They accepted an offer from Lori and Kevin of $750,000 Loan At 8% Interest + 4% Equity. RokBlok is currently working on a new product that will allow users to create music without the need for an instrument. What is HelloPrenup? Lori and Kevins role in all of this is difficult to comprehend, considering the team previously stated that they were in discussions with Best Buy. This venture led to an investment of $8 million towards scooter development. Fionas husband also supported her during product development. Here is an update on Inboard Technologys net worth so far. Additionally, you can acquire an M1 electric skateboard directly from the Inboard Technology website, which offers unique financing options of up to 18 months. It comes with integrated headlights and taillights, so it is even safe to ride at night time. This makeup brand made from social media is growing very well in todays time. and comes with in-wheel motors, integrated LED lights, and regenerative braking. As an Amazon Associate, we may earn commissions from qualifying purchases from Amazon.com. The founders assured the Sharks that it could, and the motors also acted as brakes while charging the battery when traveling downhill. Within the next few weeks, the companys warehouses and phone lines were abandoned, and the website was taken down. What happened to Pinblock after Shark Tank? Cerboneschi was also a professional kiteboarder from age 16 to 18. Unfortunately, their offer was not accepted; instead Lori and Kevin opted to provide a loan of $750,000 at 9% interest plus an additional 4% equity. To date, global pre-orders of $5.6 million have been collected, delivered by the end of the year. Wonderful by presenting an offer with the same terms as Kevins but requesting 3% more stock. All of Inboard Technologys 24 employees were laid off. The M1 skateboard has a sleek design, providing users with the familiar look and feel of a traditional skateboard. by 2Paragraphs in Business Spotlight, Shark Tank | January 24, 2018. Inboard Technologys founders Ryan Evans, David Evans, and Chris Harley net worths are unknown. The businesses need the Sharks because they lack the resources to expand. However, in April 2019, in a surprise move, the company refunded all deposits that came through preorders. The company had big plans for this product and it was met with a lot of public excitement. In March 2021, this company was officially launched. Inboard Technologymakes electric skateboards with the motor hidden in the deck. Made for epic rides from its first ride to its 1000Th, the NG-3 will look and perform pristine. Inboard Technology was founded by Ryan Evans, Dave Evans, and Chris Harley, all of whom are entrepreneurs from Santa Cruz, California. Inboard Technology is the first company to create a skateboard that uses motors inside the wheels. Best Buy has added Inboards M1 to more than 200 locations, where it continues to receive rave reviews. Evans, along with 2 of his partners, walked in seeking $750,000 USD for 4% of their business. While it was successful in funding, it ultimately failed due to an unsustainable business model. The M1 Electric Board from Inboard has a top speed of 24 mph and a range of up to ten miles before requiring a charge, which takes about 90 minutes. In Season 8 Episode 10, Ryan Evans, David Evans and Chris Harley appeared on Shark Tank seeking $750,000 for 4% of their electric scooters and skateboards company, Inboard Technology. Neither of the two would end up making an offer. The compact twin motors are buried beneath both back wheels, connected to the wheels only by free spinning bearings. The M1 has a top speed of 20 mph and a range of seven to ten miles. What is KaZam? The official launch of this company took place in 2021 and in the present time, the worth of Youthforia is estimated at $5 million. The show is set to return with a brand new episode on Friday, March 3, at 8 pm ET on ABC and will . What Happened To BagBowl After Shark Tank. Their prices depend on the color theme, but a box of 1000 pieces generally costs $40 and the cost of each color in a pack of 100 is approximately $4. Guest shark Chris Sacca was one of the first people to appreciate the product that was produced by Inboard Technology. Sap! Their skateboard's motorized wheels and in-board battery did away with the belts and external motors used by their competitors and allowed the $1,399, 14-pound device (manufactured at a 65% margin) to reach speeds up to 20 miles per hour and travel a distance of seven to 10 miles. Yes. Robert, Chris, and Mark are all out of money, but Lori offers them a $750,000 loan at 8% interest for a 3% equity stake. The Inboard M1 is powered by a lithium-ion battery and comes with a charger. Fiona is a software developer and had worked in China for a long time. Theo got his bike stolen; rather than moping around, he rustled together an electric board to ride around campus and pretty soon was getting stopped by people who offered to buy the board from him. I love the shark tank show I watch this show every day. It is capable of holding up to 1200 pounds. Kevin and Loris deal for Inboard Technology never finalized. They object to Greiners original three percent offer. Inboard Technologies is a company that keeps on growing every year, and as they grow, so does the quality of their electric boards. Ryan Evans, Dave Evans, and Chris Harley of Santa Cruz, California, the three entrepreneurs behind Inboard Technology, proposed the firm on Shark Tank in December 2016. Kevin and Lori go to the hallway to discuss it, and when they return, they have made a deal to offer the same loan conditions but with a 5% equity stake. Inboard Technology's founders Ryan Evans, David Evans, and Chris Harley net worths are unknown. This site participates in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to amazon.com. Unfortunately, those assurances appear to have been of the "we'll see" persuasion, and despite the fact that those goals were met (according to Evans), the investors chose to liquidate anyway (per The Verge). Consequently, the board experiences no resistance, allowing for smooth coasting, similar to a standard skateboard wheel. The board comes with swappable battery packs, so youre never left without power and can charge in about 90 minutes with a range of 7 to 10 miles depending on the weight of the rider. The three entrepreneurs behind Inboard Technology, Ryan Evans, Dave Evans and Chris Harley of Santa Cruz, California, pitched the business on Shark Tank in December 2016. The skincare products in this company are available on the company website, 488 Ulta Beauty, and Amazon stores. And the deal did close, which was a great result for Diaper Dust. The first to do so was Kevin OLeary, who offered them $750,000 as a loan at an 8% interest rate for 2.5% equity. The skateboards are indeed being sold for a substantial discount during 2017s Black Friday and Cyber Monday sales, from $1,399 to $999. The Inboard M1 has a range of up to 10 miles before it needs to be recharged. Sales increase to $175,000 in 2021. They sought $750,000 in return for 4% equity. The board costs around $1,399 and comes with a PowerShift battery and a soft carry bag. What Happened to Inboard After the Shark Tank Pitch? Though Evans, Evans, and Haley (the company's CEO, VP of Marketing, and CFO, respectively) were originally seeking $750k in straight equity in exchange for that 4%, they knew better than to turn down the only "Shark Tank" offer on the table. Mark determines that the position is too specialized for him and departs. Inboard Technology sells electric boards for $1399, along with branded clothes, totes, and charging accessories.

Fresno Superior Court Smart Search, Walden University Doctoral Programs Cost, Articles W